AJĪT SIṄGH (1881-1947), patriot and revolutionary, was born in February 1881 at Khaṭkaṛ Kalāṅ, in Jalandhar district of the Punjab, the son of Arjan Siṅgh and Jai Kaur. He had his early education in his village and then at Sāīṅ Dāss Anglo Sanskrit High School, Jalandhar, and D. A. V. College, Lahore. He later joined the Bareilly College to study law, but left without completing the course owing to ill health. He became a munshī or teacher of Oriental languages, establishing himself at Lahore. In 1903, he was married to Harnām Kaur, daughter of Dhanpat Rāi, a pleader of Kasūr.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀攀渀愀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀最爀愀爀椀愀渀 愀最椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 椀渀 㤀 㘀ⴀ 㜀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀愀猀猀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 䰀愀渀搀 䌀漀氀漀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 䈀椀氀氀 ⠀㤀 㘀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀 爀攀瘀攀渀甀攀 愀渀搀 椀爀爀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 琀愀砀 栀愀搀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 眀椀搀攀猀瀀爀攀愀搀 搀椀猀挀漀渀琀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀甀爀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀漀氀漀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 䈀椀氀氀 愀椀洀攀搀 愀琀 猀琀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 昀爀愀最洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀 栀漀氀搀椀渀最猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀栀攀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 䌀漀氀漀渀礀 ⴀ 洀漀猀琀氀礀 椀渀栀愀戀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 匀椀欀栀 攀砀ⴀ猀漀氀搀椀攀爀猀 戀礀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀愀眀 漀昀 瀀爀椀洀漀最攀渀椀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀氀愀甀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀椀氀氀Ⰰ 挀愀甀猀攀搀 最爀攀愀琀 爀攀猀攀渀琀洀攀渀琀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 挀甀氀琀椀瘀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 爀攀最愀爀搀攀搀 椀琀 愀猀 甀渀樀甀猀琀椀昀椀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀椀爀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀椀最栀琀猀 椀渀猀漀昀愀爀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀椀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀⸀ 倀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最猀 眀攀爀攀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 愀爀漀甀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀猀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀 㤀 㜀Ⰰ 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀搀椀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀倀甀渀樀愀戀攀攀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀ⴀ氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 戀椀ⴀ眀攀攀欀氀礀 漀昀 愀渀琀椀ⴀ最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 瘀椀攀眀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀIn this climate of social unrest and of anti-British sentiment, Ajīt Siṅgh supported the setting up in 1907 of a revolutionary organization, Bhārat Mātā Society, with headquarters at Lahore. A large number of protest meetings and demonstrations against the Colonization Bill were held not only in villages but also in important cities such as Rāwalpiṇḍī, Gujrāṅwālā, Multān, Lahore and Amritsar. Many of these were addressed by Ajit Siṅgh who had become a violent critic of the government. Besides referring to the immediate problems the peasantry faced, he exhorted the people to strive for the freedom of the country and end foreign rule. On the recommendation of the Punjab Government, the Government of India deported Ajīt Siṅgh to Mandalay on 2 June 1907.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀唀瀀漀渀 栀椀猀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀 椀渀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 㤀 㜀Ⰰ 䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 愀洀椀搀 洀甀挀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 愀挀挀氀愀椀洀⸀ 䠀攀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 眀愀椀琀 氀漀渀最 琀漀 爀攀猀甀洀攀 栀椀猀 愀渀琀椀ⴀ䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䠀攀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 愀 渀攀眀猀瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀倀攀猀栀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 匀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀昀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䄀洀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 倀爀愀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀 愀猀 椀琀猀 攀搀椀琀漀爀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 漀甀琀 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀爀愀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀洀瀀栀氀攀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 㰀椀㸀䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䴀愀猀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䴀甀栀椀戀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀ⴀ椀ⴀ圀愀琀愀渀Ⰰ 䈀愀渀搀愀爀 䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀唀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 倀愀欀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀琀攀 倀愀☀⌀㌀㈀㠀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 倀愀欀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 愀琀琀愀挀欀椀渀最 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 爀甀氀攀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ 䘀攀愀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀猀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀倀攀猀栀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀㬀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 娀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 甀氀ⴀ䠀愀焀Ⰰ 攀猀挀愀瀀攀搀 琀漀 倀攀爀猀椀愀 椀渀 㤀 㤀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 昀漀爀 䤀渀搀椀愀✀猀 昀爀攀攀搀漀洀 愀渀搀 猀甀挀挀攀攀搀攀搀 椀渀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 甀瀀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 挀攀渀琀爀攀 愀琀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀⸀ 䤀渀 䴀愀礀 㤀 Ⰰ 栀攀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀猀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䠀愀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䤀渀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 㤀 Ⰰ 栀攀 猀栀椀昀琀攀搀 琀漀 䈀甀猀栀椀爀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 瘀椀攀眀 琀漀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 挀漀洀爀愀搀攀猀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 琀爀愀搀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀愀洀攀渀⸀ 䠀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 愀氀愀爀洀攀搀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䌀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀椀渀最 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 䤀爀愀渀 甀渀猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 瀀爀漀挀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 吀甀爀欀攀礀 瘀椀愀 刀甀猀猀椀愀 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 洀攀琀 䴀甀猀琀愀昀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䬀愀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 倀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 吀甀爀欀椀猀栀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀攀猀洀愀渀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 吀甀爀欀攀礀 栀攀 眀攀渀琀 琀漀 倀愀爀椀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䰀愀琀攀爀 栀攀 猀栀椀昀琀攀搀 琀漀 匀眀椀琀稀攀爀氀愀渀搀 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 愀挀焀甀愀椀渀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 䰀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䠀愀爀 䐀愀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀椀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 ⴀ 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀Ⰰ 䤀琀愀氀礀Ⰰ 倀漀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 刀甀猀猀椀愀Ⰰ 䔀最礀瀀琀 愀渀搀 䴀漀爀漀挀挀漀⸀ 䠀攀爀攀 栀攀 愀氀猀漀 洀攀琀 琀栀攀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 氀攀愀搀攀爀 愀渀搀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 搀椀挀琀愀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀甀猀猀漀氀椀渀椀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀椀猀琀Ⰰ 吀爀漀琀猀欀礀⸀ 吀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 㤀㌀Ⰰ 栀攀 猀栀椀昀琀攀搀 琀漀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀 氀攀昀琀 猀漀漀渀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 漀甀琀戀爀攀愀欀 漀昀 圀漀爀氀搀 圀愀爀 䤀Ⰰ 琀漀 最漀 琀漀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 㤀㐀 琀漀 㤀㌀㈀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀 椀琀 眀愀猀 攀愀猀椀攀爀 昀漀爀 栀椀洀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀 琀漀甀挀栀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀甀㸀䜀栀㰀⼀甀㸀愀搀爀 倀愀爀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 昀漀爀洀攀搀 愀 猀漀挀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀猀 猀攀琀琀氀攀搀 椀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀洀 愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 搀甀琀礀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 琀漀 爀愀椀猀攀 昀甀渀搀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀✀猀 猀琀爀甀最最氀攀 昀漀爀 昀爀攀攀搀漀洀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 㤀㌀㈀ 琀漀 㤀㌀㠀Ⰰ 䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 匀眀椀琀稀攀爀氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀⸀ 䠀攀 爀攀渀攀眀攀搀 栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀椀攀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 洀攀琀 匀甀戀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀 䌀栀愀渀搀爀愀 䈀漀猀攀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 䤀渀搀椀愀 眀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 栀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀Ⰰ 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 眀漀爀欀 洀漀爀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀愀甀猀攀 搀攀愀爀 琀漀 栀椀猀 栀攀愀爀琀⸀ 䈀甀琀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 栀椀洀 愀猀 愀 ∀搀愀渀最攀爀漀甀猀 愀最椀琀愀琀漀爀∀ 愀渀搀 愀渀 ∀甀渀搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀攀爀∀ ⠀栀攀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 猀攀挀甀爀攀搀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀椀愀渀 挀椀琀椀稀攀渀猀栀椀瀀⤀Ⰰ 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 栀椀猀 攀渀琀爀礀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀOn the eve of World War II, Ajīt Siṅgh shifted to Italy where, in order to intensify his activities and mobilize Italian public and government support in favour of India, he formed Friends of India Society. During his stay in Italy he formed a revolutionary army of the Indian prisoners of war. His passionate speeches in Hindustānī from Rome Radio and his own example of sacrifice and suffering for the country made a deep impact on the Indian soldiers. After the fall of Italy, Ajīt Siṅgh was imprisoned and kept in an Italian jail and later, when Germans surrendered, he was shifted to a jail in Germany. Hard life in military camps told upon his health. After the formation of the Interim government in the country under Jawāharlāl Nehrū, Ajīt Siṅgh returned to India via London. On 8 March 1847, he reached Karāchī and then came to Delhi where the great wanderer was given a warm welcome by his countrymen. In Delhi, he was the guest of Jawāharlāl Nehrū, and he participated in the Asian Relations Conference which was then in session in Delhi.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 搀椀攀搀 愀琀 䐀愀氀栀漀甀猀椀攀 漀渀 㔀 䄀甀最甀猀琀 㤀㐀㜀ⴀ琀栀攀 搀愀礀 䤀渀搀椀愀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 愀渀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ 㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ BIBLIOGRAPHYParduman Siṅgh